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Overlay · Listed-speech offence

Listed-speech offence

Examples include Israel §24, UK s.1 / s.12, France 421-2-5, Germany §140, Australia 80.2C, Spain 578. The United States has no citizen equivalent. Canada’s live §83.221 is counselling a terrorism offence, not a listed-speech offence.

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Supported

Direct listed-speech offence in some venues. Not an overlay sticker.

Not a protected-class overlay. Keep this layer as the listed-speech offence. Do not fold it into hate.

Whether a country writes a speech offence around listed organizations and acts. Overlay taxonomy sits next to it.

Creep row

Classification by sector. Live means a quoted instrument. Architecture means the statute already covers the sector. Unproven means no pack.
OverlayCriminal speechDirect offenceEducationSchools / campusEmploymentWorkplace dutyPlatformsOSA / DSA / duty of careOther fundedHousing, health, transitImmigrationStatus barPolice recordingBelow-crime incidentsProgrammePrevent / exchanges
Listed-speech offenceLive, citedNot this formNot this formPointed, not quotedNot this formLive, citedNot this formPointed, not quoted
  • Live, cited
  • Documented hop
  • Architecture only
  • Pointed, not quoted
  • Not this form
  • Unproven

This is a pattern grid over cited instruments, not a completed worldwide fact. Hover a cell where a note exists. Open a sticker for the quoted clause.

  • Criminal speech · Live, cited

    IL §24, UK s.1/s.12, FR 421-2-5, DE §140, AU 80.2C, ES 578 write a listed-speech offence. US citizen: none. CA 83.221 is counselling a terrorism offence, not a listed-speech offence.

  • Platforms · Pointed, not quoted

    Platform duties (OSA / DSA) can take down praise. That is not a listed-speech offence. Quote of a praise-specific duty is Unproven. A hop onto platforms is not capture.

  • Immigration · Live, cited

    A quoted status bar occupies this cell. It is not a listed-speech offence. Cited instance: INA endorse/espouse on the non-citizen venue. A live immigration cell is not capture of immigration machinery.

Cited venues for this sticker

106 venues with a cited mark. Open a region, then a country. Unproven cells stay off this list. A dash is a cited finding that this form is not the quoted law.

  • Crime — criminal speech or hate offence, cited
  • Duty — institutional / funding / platform duty
  • Def. — working definition imported
  • Prog. — programme, not a statute
  • — not this form

Quoted clauses

Also in the matrix
Live statuteSupportedAustraliaListed-speech offence

s.80.2C Advocating terrorism

Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth)

Target
Advocating the doing of a terrorist act, or the commission of a listed terrorism offence
Test
Intentionally advocates, reckless as to whether another person will engage in a terrorist act or commit the listed offence. Advocates includes counselling, promoting, encouraging, or urging, and includes praise where there is a substantial risk the praise might lead another person to a terrorist act or listed offence. Good-faith defence: s.80.3.
Max
Up to 7 years on the terrorist-act limb (compilation as of 30 June 2026)
EU framework decisionSupportedEUListed-speech offence

Public provocation to commit a terrorist offence

Council Framework Decision 2008/919/JHA

Target
Distribution or making available of a message to the public with intent to incite listed terrorist offences
Test
Whether or not the message directly advocates terrorist offences, it is punishable if it causes a danger that one or more such offences may be committed. Recital: radical, polemic, or controversial views in the public debate on terrorism fall outside.
Max
National maxima after transposition
Live statuteSupportedFranceListed-speech offence

Article 421-2-5

Code pénal

Target
Direct provocation of terrorist acts, or public apology (apologie) for those acts
Test
Public apologie: inciting others to pass a favourable judgment on the terrorist acts (Cour de cassation). Direct provocation is a separate limb. Not Brandenburg. Not recel of apologie (Conseil constitutionnel 2020-845 QPC).
Max
5 years and €75,000; 7 years and €100,000 if committed via an online public communication service
Live statuteSupportedGermanyListed-speech offence

§ 140 Nr. 2 — Billigung von Straftaten

Strafgesetzbuch

Target
Public approval of a catalog offence (including murder, genocide, war crimes, and other §126/§138 listed acts), including foreign catalog acts capable of disturbing the domestic public peace
Test
Publicly, in an assembly, or by disseminating content, approve the act in a manner capable of disturbing the public peace. Approval means standing morally behind the offender as to a concrete catalog act. A free-floating hurrah is not enough.
Max
Up to 3 years or a fine
Live statuteSupportedIsraelListed-speech offence

§24(a)

Combating Terrorism Law, 5776-2016

Target
Identification with a terrorist organization — praise, flag, symbol, slogan, anthem
Test
Public + purpose to identify, or actual / real possibility it will lead to a terrorist act or listed offenses (§§22, 23, 25, 29)
Max
3 years
Live statuteSupportedIsraelListed-speech offence

§24(b)(2)

Combating Terrorism Law, 5776-2016

Target
Praise, sympathy, encouragement, support of, or identification with a terrorist act
Test
Content + circumstances create a substantial / real possibility that the publication will bring about a terrorist act
Max
5 years
Live statuteSupportedSpainListed-speech offence

Artículo 578 — enaltecimiento o justificación del terrorismo

Ley Orgánica 10/1995, Código Penal

Target
Public glorification or justification of terrorist offences in arts. 572–577, or of those who participated; also acts of discredit, contempt, or humiliation of terrorist-offence victims or their families
Test
Public enaltecimiento or justificación. A second limb protects victims. Online dissemination takes the upper half of the range. A public-peace / fear aggravator can raise the range further. Not Brandenburg.
Max
1 to 3 years and a 12-to-18-month fine; upper half if committed via internet or electronic communications
Live statuteSupportedUKListed-speech offence

s.1(1)–(2)

Terrorism Act 2006

Target
Statement a reasonable person would understand as direct or indirect encouragement of terrorism
Test
Mens rea is intent or recklessness. Reasonable-person understanding. Contents + circumstances of publication.
Max
15 years on indictment (raised from 7 years by the Counter-Terrorism and Border Security Act 2019)
Live statuteSupportedUKListed-speech offence

s.1(3)

Terrorism Act 2006

Target
Glorification as a species of indirect encouragement
Test
Glorification counts only if members of the public could reasonably infer the conduct should be emulated by them in existing circumstances
Max
15 years on indictment (same offence as s.1)
Live statuteSupportedUKListed-speech offence

s.1(5)

Terrorism Act 2006

Target
Encouragement offence — irrelevance of actual effect
Test
Actual encouragement is irrelevant. Particularity of the act is irrelevant.
Max
15 years on indictment
Live statuteSupportedUKListed-speech offence

s.12(1)

Terrorism Act 2000

Target
Invite support for a proscribed organisation
Test
Invitation of support other than (or not restricted to) money or property
Max
14 years on indictment
Live statuteSupportedAEListed-speech offence

المادة 34

القانون الاتحادي رقم (7) لسنة 2014 في شأن مكافحة الجرائم الإرهابية

Target
Promoting or advocating a terrorist organisation, terrorist person, or terrorist crime
Test
By speech, writing, or any other means, with knowledge. 2024 amendment raised the penalty to life imprisonment plus a fine.
Max
Life imprisonment and AED 2–4 million
Live statuteSupportedBEListed-speech offence

art. 140bis

Code pénal (livre Ierter, infractions terroristes)

Target
Public dissemination of a message intending to incite a terrorist offence, creating a risk that such an offence may be committed
Test
Whether or not the message directly advocates the offence. Risk gate. Not free-floating apologie on this quote.
Max
Réclusion 5 to 10 years and a fine
Live statuteSupportedBFListed-speech offence

art. 361-19

Loi n° 025-2018/AN portant Code pénal

Target
Public apologie of terrorist acts
Test
Public. A higher limb applies if committed via an online public-communication service or by written or audiovisual press. No requirement that a further terrorist act follow.
Max
1 to 10 years and a fine of 1,000,000 to 10,000,000 francs CFA; 11 to 21 years and the same fine via online public communication or press
Live statuteSupportedBGListed-speech offence

чл. 114к ал. 1

Наказателен кодекс

Target
Preaching the commission of terrorism
Test
The base form has no media or office-holder gate. Qualified: public official / public-function representative, or mass media / social-network / mass-dissemination form (1 to 6 years plus fine).
Max
Up to 3 years, or probation, or a fine of up to 5,000 leva, plus public censure (media/official form: 1 to 6 years plus public censure and a fine of 3,000 to 10,000 leva)
Live statuteSupportedBHListed-speech offence

المادة 11

قانون رقم (58) لسنة 2006 بشأن حماية المجتمع من الأعمال الإرهابية, as substituted by قانون رقم (8) لسنة 2019

Target
Promotion, glorification, exaltation, justification, approval, or encouragement of acts constituting a punishable terrorist activity
Test
By any means, whether inside or outside the Kingdom. No requirement that a further terrorist act follow. A second paragraph covers possession of a writing containing those acts, prepared for distribution.
Max
Imprisonment not exceeding 5 years and a fine of 2,000 to 5,000 dinars (speech limb); imprisonment not exceeding 5 years (possession limb)
Live statuteSupportedCNListed-speech offence

第一百二十条之三

中华人民共和国刑法

Target
Advocating terrorism or extremism, or inciting the commission of terrorist activities
Test
Producing or distributing books, audio-visual materials, or other items that advocate terrorism or extremism; or advocating terrorism or extremism by lecturing, releasing information, or other means; or inciting terrorist activities.
Max
5 years (plus fine); serious circumstances: 5 years or more, plus fine or confiscation of property
Live statuteSupportedCZListed-speech offence

§ 312e odst. 1

Trestní zákoník

Target
Public incitement to a terrorist offence, public approval of a committed terrorist offence, or public praise of its perpetrator
Test
Public. The second limb is approval / praise of a committed terrorist offence or of its perpetrator — independent of a further incitement-to-commit requirement on the face of the first paragraph.
Max
1 to 5 years (media / computer-network form is a qualified limb: 3 to 12 years)
Live statuteSupportedDZListed-speech offence

المادة 87 مكرر 4

أمر رقم 66-156 مؤرخ في 8 يونيو 1966 يتضمن قانون العقوبات

Target
Apologie, encouragement, or financing, by any means, of the terrorist or subversive acts in that section
Test
By any means. The charged forms are apologie, encouragement, and financing of the acts defined in art. 87 bis. No requirement that a further act follow.
Max
Réclusion of 5 to 10 years and a fine of 100,000 to 500,000 DA
Live statuteSupportedEGListed-speech offence

المادة 28

قانون مكافحة الإرهاب رقم 94 لسنة 2015

Target
Direct or indirect promotion of a terrorist crime, including promotion of ideas and beliefs calling for the use of violence
Test
Promotion or preparation to promote, by speech, writing, or any other means. Indirect promotion = promotion of ideas and beliefs calling for violence. Aggravated if inside a house of worship or among armed/police forces.
Max
Imprisonment not less than 5 years; not less than 7 years in a house of worship or among armed/police forces
Live statuteSupportedGEListed-speech offence

მუხლი 330¹

საქართველოს სისხლის სამართლის კოდექსი

Target
Open support of terrorist activities and/or a terrorist organisation, or public incitement to terrorism, creating a clear, immediate, and substantial risk of terrorist activities
Test
Orally, in writing, or by other forms of expression. Risk gate on both limbs. Paragraph 1 excepts an act defined in art. 331¹ (financing / material support).
Max
Up to 3 years (open support); 2 to 6 years (public incitement)
Live statuteSupportedHUListed-speech offence

331. § (2)

2012. évi C. törvény a Büntető Törvénykönyvről

Target
Incitement of support for terrorism, or propaganda supporting terrorism, before a large audience
Test
Nagy nyilvánosság előtt. Residual: applies unless a more serious offence is established. Parallel 331(1) is incitement to war.
Max
1 to 5 years (same as 331(1))
Live statuteSupportedKZListed-speech offence

ст. 256

Уголовный кодекс Республики Казахстан

Target
Propaganda of terrorism or public calls to commit an act of terrorism
Test
Includes production, storage for distribution, or distribution of materials of that content.
Max
5 to 9 years with confiscation of property (part 1)
Live statuteSupportedLIListed-speech offence

§ 282a

Strafgesetzbuch (StGB), LGBl. 1988 Nr. 37

Target
Public invitation to a terrorist offence, or public approval of a terrorist offence capable of creating a risk of further such offences
Test
In a print work, radio, television, or another medium, or otherwise publicly in a way accessible to many people. Abs. 1 is invitation (Aufforderung). Abs. 2 is approval (Gutheissung) gated on suitability to bring about the danger of one or more terrorist offences. No requirement that a further offence follow.
Max
Imprisonment up to 2 years (Abs. 1 and Abs. 2)
Live statuteSupportedMAListed-speech offence

الفصل 218-2

مجموعة القانون الجنائي (Code pénal), as completed by Loi 03-03 and Loi 86-14

Target
Apologie of acts constituting terrorist offences, and propaganda, apologie, or promotion of terrorist entities, organisations, gangs, or groups
Test
By speeches, shouts, or threats in public places or meetings; or by writings, printed matter, or posters exposed to the public; including audio-visual and electronic media.
Max
2 to 6 years and a fine of 10,000 to 200,000 dirhams
Live statuteSupportedMLListed-speech offence

art. 255-1

Loi n° 2024-027 du 13 décembre 2024 portant Code pénal

Target
Public expressions of support for terrorist acts or groups, and apologie of a qualified terrorist organisation
Test
By any means: calling or inciting terrorist offences; using a name, term, symbol, or public expressions of support for terrorist acts or groups; promoting ideologies favourable to terrorism; or using any other sign for the apologie of a qualified terrorist organisation. Online form is a higher limb.
Max
5 years and a fine of 1,000,000 francs; 7 years and 2,000,000 francs via an online public-communication service
Live statuteSupportedNGListed-speech offence

s.13

Terrorism (Prevention and Prohibition) Act, 2022

Target
Knowingly soliciting or rendering support for an act of terrorism or to a terrorist group, including incitement by disseminating terrorist information
Test
Support includes incitement to commit an act of terrorism by dissemination of terrorist information through the internet, other electronic or digital means, or printed materials. This is incitement/support, not free-floating apologie.
Max
At least 20 years, up to life imprisonment
Live statuteSupportedPEListed-speech offence

art. 316-A

Código Penal (D.L. 635), as amended by Ley 30610

Target
Public exaltation, justification, or glorification of the crime of terrorism, or of a person convicted of it
Test
Public. Aggravators: teacher/authority; presence of minors; propagation by print, broadcast, or ICT.
Max
4 to 8 years (base); 6 to 10 (authority/minors); 8 to 15 (media / ICT)
Live statuteSupportedPKListed-speech offence

s.11W

Anti-Terrorism Act, 1997

Target
Printing, publishing or disseminating material that glorifies terrorists or terrorist activities, incites religious, sectarian or ethnic hatred, or projects a person or organisation concerned in terrorism
Test
Print, publish, or disseminate by audio, video, data, electronic, digital, wall-chalking, or any other means of communication. Factual news reports in good faith are not 'projection'.
Max
5 years and fine (as amended; originally 6 months by summary procedure)
Live statuteSupportedPTListed-speech offence

art. 4.º n.º 3

Lei n.º 52/2003 (Lei de combate ao terrorismo)

Target
Public message that defends, praises, encourages, or calls for terrorist offences
Test
Distribute or disseminate to the public, by any means, a message that incites the practice of listed terrorist offences, including by defending, praising, encouraging, or appealing. Electronic/internet form is a separate, higher limb (n.º 4).
Max
1 to 5 years (1 to 6 years via electronic means accessible on the internet)
Live statuteSupportedRUListed-speech offence

ст. 205.2

Уголовный кодекс Российской Федерации

Target
Public calls to terrorist activity, public justification of terrorism, or propaganda of terrorism
Test
Public justification = a public statement recognising the ideology and practice of terrorism as correct, needing support and imitation.
Max
Fine or 2 to 5 years; 5 to 7 years if mass media or the internet
Live statuteSupportedSAListed-speech offence

المادة 34

نظام مكافحة جرائم الإرهاب وتمويله

Target
Support, call for, sympathy with, justification, promotion, or lauding of a terrorist ideology, entity, crime, or perpetrator’s method
Test
Includes possessing documents, publications, or recordings, of any type, with intent to publish or promote, that justify, promote, or laud a terrorist ideology or terrorist offence.
Max
3 to 8 years
Live statuteSupportedSKListed-speech offence

§ 419b ods. 1

Trestný zákon

Target
Public incitement to a terrorist offence, or public approval of a terrorist offence
Test
Public. The second limb is approval of a terrorist offence — independent of a further incitement-to-commit requirement on the face of paragraph (1). Inserted by zákon č. 161/2018 Z. z.
Max
3 to 10 years (training / solicitation limb: 7 to 15 years)
Live statuteSupportedSNListed-speech offence

art. 279-2

Code pénal (Loi n° 65-60), as substituted by Loi n° 2021-33 du 23 juillet 2021

Target
Public apologie of the terrorist acts listed in art. 279-1
Test
By the means set out in art. 248 (public speeches, writings, and other public-communication means). Loi 2016-29 had placed this as the last paragraph of 279-1; Loi 2021-33 made it an autonomous article.
Max
1 to 5 years and a fine of 500,000 to 2,000,000 francs
Live statuteSupportedSVListed-speech offence

art. 8

Ley Especial contra Actos de Terrorismo, Decreto Legislativo n° 108 of 21 September 2006, as substituted

Target
Public apología of terrorism, or inciting another to commit an offence under that Law
Test
Public. Two charged forms in one article: apología of terrorism, and incitement to an offence under the Law. The 25 August 2015 inconstitutionality judgment struck the original penalty as disproportionate; Decreto 200 substituted 4 to 8 years. The charged forms did not change.
Max
Prison of 4 to 8 years (as substituted)
Live statuteSupportedTNListed-speech offence

art. 31

Loi organique n° 2015-26 du 7 août 2015, relative à la lutte contre le terrorisme et à la répression du blanchiment d’argent

Target
Public and express apologie of a terrorist offence, its authors, an organisation or entente, its members, activities, or related opinions and ideas
Test
Intentional, by any means, inside or outside the Republic, in a public and express manner. No requirement that a further terrorist act follow.
Max
1 to 5 years and a fine of 5,000 to 20,000 dinars
Live statuteSupportedTRListed-speech offence

m. 7/2

Terörle Mücadele Kanunu (Law 3713)

Target
Propaganda that legitimises, praises, or incites a terrorist organisation’s methods involving force, violence, or threat
Test
The 2013 amendment ties the offence to methods of violence, not to the abstract existence of an organisation. Criticism limb is official policy; application remains Disputed.
Max
1 to 5 years; increased by half if committed via press or publication
Live statuteSupportedUGListed-speech offence

s.9

Anti-Terrorism Act, 2002 (Act 14 of 2002; Cap. 120)

Target
Promoting terrorism, or publishing and disseminating news or materials that promote terrorism
Test
s.9(1) is establishing, running, or supporting an institution for those purposes (or for training / recruiting / fundraising). s.9(2) is the free-standing limb: publishing or disseminating materials that promote terrorism without establishing such an institution. No requirement that a further terrorist act follow.
Max
Liable to suffer death (s.9(1) and s.9(2) as enacted). Act 19 of 2021 removed mandatory death from s.7(1)(a) only; s.9's death maximum remains on the face of the Act
Live statuteSupportedUZListed-speech offence

ст. 244-1

Уголовный кодекс Республики Узбекистан

Target
Manufacture, storage, distribution, or display of materials threatening public safety, including attributes or symbols of terrorist organisations
Test
Part 1: manufacture or storage for distribution of religious-extremist / separatist / fundamentalist materials, or of terrorist-organisation symbols. Part 2: distribution or display of the same.
Max
Fine or up to 3 years (part 1); 3 to 5 years (part 2); 5 to 8 years on listed aggravators