The umbrella is how sticker-swap happens without a new speech crime: add a characteristic to the list, or name four harms in one press release, and the same test applies. Official C-9 framing named antisemitism, Islamophobia, homophobia, and transphobia together.
A bundle, not a single harm. Canada s.319 identifiable group; UK protected characteristics; EU FD listed grounds. Canada C-9 (live 18 July 2026) wrote a statutory definition of ‘hatred’ and added a symbols offence.
The four named harms are not legally identical. Official bundling is Supported. Moral equivalence is Disputed.
The swap mechanism itself.
Creep row
Classification by sector. Live means a quoted instrument. Architecture means the statute already covers the sector. Unproven means no pack.
This is a pattern grid over cited instruments, not a completed worldwide fact. Hover a cell where a note exists. Open a sticker for the quoted clause.
Cited venues for this sticker
47 venues with a cited mark. Open a region, then a country. Unproven cells stay off this list. A dash is a cited finding that this form is not the quoted law.
Public incitement of hatred (s.319(1)) and wilful promotion of hatred against an identifiable group (s.319(2))
Test
Identifiable group includes colour, race, religion, national or ethnic origin, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or mental or physical disability. Hatred, as of C-9, is defined in the Code.
Max
Hate-propaganda scale under s.319
Live statuteSupportedCanadaHate umbrella
s.319(7) definition of hatred — in force 18 July 2026
Combatting Hate Act (S.C. 2026, c. 15; former Bill C-9)
Target
Hate-propaganda and hate-crime provisions that use the word hatred
Test
Statutory definition, drawn from Supreme Court jurisprudence: intense and extreme emotion clearly associated with vilification and detestation.
Max
Definition — not a standalone offence
Live statuteSupportedCanadaHate umbrella
s.319(2.2) — wilful promotion of hatred by displaying terrorism or hate symbols
Combatting Hate Act (S.C. 2026, c. 15; former Bill C-9)
Target
Public display of (a) a symbol principally used by or associated with a listed terrorist entity, (b) the Nazi Hakenkreuz, Nazi double Sig-Rune (SS bolts), or a noose, or (c) a close resemblance, where the display wilfully promotes hatred against an identifiable group
Test
Wilful promotion of hatred, not mere display. Educational, artistic, and journalistic purposes are carved out on the official backgrounder. Attorney-General consent was retained.
Max
Hate-propaganda scale under s.319
Live statuteSupportedALHate umbrella
neni 265
Kodi penal (Ligji nr. 7895/1995)
Target
Incitement of hatred or disputes on grounds of race, ethnicity, religion, or sexual orientation, including preparing, disseminating, or keeping for distribution writings with such content
Test
By any means or forms. Intentional as to the writings limb.
Max
2 to 10 years
Live statuteSupportedAMHate umbrella
հոդված 330 մաս 1
ՀՀ քրեական օրենսգիրք (2021)
Target
Public call for violence, or publicly justifying or advocating such violence, against a person or group on listed grounds, or disseminating material or objects for that purpose
Test
Residual: applies if the elements of arts. 136, 151, 313, 328, 329, or 422 are absent. Grounds: racial, national, ethnic or social origin, religion, political or other views, or other personal or social circumstances.
Max
Fine up to ten-fold, public works up to 100 hours, restriction of liberty up to 1 year, short-term imprisonment up to 1 month, or imprisonment up to 1 year
Live statuteSupportedATRacial hatred
§ 283
Strafgesetzbuch
Target
Verhetzung — public incitement to violence or hatred against a protected group
Test
Public, accessible to many people. Grounds include race, colour, language, religion or belief, nationality, descent, sex, disability, age, sexual orientation.
Max
2 years; 3 if broad public; 6 months to 5 if violence follows
Live statuteSupportedBDHate umbrella
s.153A
The Penal Code, 1860
Target
Promoting enmity or hatred between different classes of citizens
Test
Words spoken or written, signs, visible representations, or otherwise. Honest-purpose explanation is in the same section.
Max
2 years, or fine, or both
Live statuteSupportedBYHate umbrella
статья 130
Уголовный кодекс Республики Беларусь
Target
Intentional acts aimed at inciting racial, national, religious, or other social enmity or discord on those grounds
Test
Part 1 is the base speech/incitement cell. Violence or official-capacity is part 2. Group commission or grave consequences is part 3. « Other social affiliation » is defined in the note (sex, age, profession, occupation, place of residence, or other socio-group identification).
Max
Fine, arrest, or restriction of liberty or imprisonment for up to 5 years (part 1)
Live statuteSupportedCLHate umbrella
art. 2
Ley 20.609 (Ley Zamudio)
Target
Arbitrary discrimination — civil action, not a speech crime
Test
Distinction, exclusion, or restriction without reasonable justification that deprives, disturbs, or threatens fundamental rights, including on race or ethnicity, nationality, religion or belief, sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity or expression.
Max
Civil acción de no discriminación — no criminal maximum on this quote
Live statuteSupportedCOHate umbrella
art. 134A
Código Penal (Ley 599 de 2000)
Target
Arbitrary acts that prevent, obstruct, or restrict the full exercise of rights on listed grounds
Test
Grounds include race, nationality, sex or sexual orientation, disability, and other reasons of discrimination. Overlay, not terror-glorification.
Max
12 to 36 months and a fine of 10 to 15 monthly legal minimum wages
Live statuteSupportedDKHate umbrella
§ 266 b
Straffeloven
Target
Public statements threatening, insulting, or degrading a group
Test
Public, or intent to spread more widely. Grounds: race, colour, national or ethnic origin, belief, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, or sex characteristics.
Max
Fine or 2 years; propaganda is an aggravating circumstance
Live statuteSupportedECHate umbrella
art. 176
Código Orgánico Integral Penal
Target
Propagating, practising, or inciting distinction, restriction, exclusion, or preference on listed grounds, to nullify or impair equal rights
Test
Grounds include nationality, ethnicity, place of birth, age, sex, gender identity or sexual orientation, cultural identity, marital status, language, religion, ideology, socioeconomic condition, migratory condition, disability, or state of health. Affirmative-action exception.
Max
1 to 3 years; 3 to 5 years if ordered or executed by a public servant
Live statuteSupportedEEHate umbrella
§ 151 lg 1
Karistusseadustik
Target
Public incitement to hatred, violence, or discrimination on listed grounds, causing danger to a person’s life, health, or property
Test
Public. Grounds: nationality, race, colour, sex, language, origin, religion, sexual orientation, political convictions, or pecuniary or social status. Result gate: danger to life, health, or property. Base form is a misdemeanour.
Max
Fine of up to 300 fine units or detention (up to 3 years if death, injury, or other serious consequence, or if previously punished)
Live statuteSupportedETHate umbrella
art. 4
Hate Speech and Disinformation Prevention and Suppression Proclamation No. 1185/2020
Target
Disseminating hate speech by broadcasting, print, or social media, using text, image, audio, or video
Test
The prohibition is on dissemination. Hate speech is defined in the same Proclamation as speech that deliberately promotes hatred, discrimination, or attack against a person or identifiable group based on ethnicity, religion, race, gender, or disability. Exemptions (art. 6) are a different subsection.
Max
Up to 2 years or a fine (hate-speech base, art. 7); 1 to 5 years if an attack follows; 1 to 3 years if via broadcast, print, or a social-media account with more than 5,000 followers
Live statuteSupportedFIHate umbrella
11 luku 10 §
Rikoslaki
Target
Ethnic agitation — kiihottaminen kansanryhmää vastaan
Test
Making available or distributing a message that threatens or insults a group, or incites violence or hatred, on listed grounds.
Max
Fine or 2 years
Live statuteSupportedGHHate umbrella
s.207
Criminal Offences Act, 1960 (Act 29)
Target
Offensive conduct conducive to breaches of the peace — threatening, abusive, or insulting words or behaviour in public
Test
Public place or public meeting. Threatening, abusive, or insulting words or behaviour, with intent to provoke a breach of the peace, or by which a breach of the peace is likely to be occasioned.
Max
Misdemeanour
Live statuteSupportedGRHate umbrella
άρθρο 1 §1
Νόμος 927/1979
Target
Public incitement to acts capable of causing discrimination, hatred, or violence against a protected group
Test
Intentional, public, by speech, press, internet, or any other means. Grounds: race, colour, religion, descent, national or ethnic origin, sexual orientation, gender identity, sex characteristics, or disability. Must endanger public order or threaten life, liberty, or bodily integrity.
Max
3 months to 3 years and a fine of €5,000–€20,000
Live statuteSupportedGTHate umbrella
art. 202 bis
Código Penal, Decreto n° 17-73, as added by Decreto n° 57-2002
Target
Discrimination — distinction, exclusion, restriction, or preference that impedes the exercise of a legally established right, including on gender, race, ethnicity, language, age, or religion
Test
By action or omission. The penalty is aggravated by one-third for anyone who in any form and by any means disseminates, supports, or incites discriminatory ideas.
Max
1 to 3 years and a fine of 500 to 3,000 quetzales; plus one-third if the dissemination/incitement aggravator applies
Live statuteSupportedHNHate umbrella
art. 213
Código Penal, Decreto n° 130-2017
Target
Public incitement to discrimination or violence against a protected group, or expressions that humiliate, belittle, or discredit such a group
Test
Directly and publicly, or through media destined for the public. Grounds are those in arts. 211–212 (ideology, religion or belief, language, ethnicity or race, national origin, indigenous or Afro-descendant people, sex, sexual orientation or gender identity, gender, marital status, family or economic situation, age, illness, or disability). A one-third increase if committed by a public official in the exercise of functions.
Max
Prison of 1 to 2 years and a fine of 100 to 500 days; plus one-third if a public official
Live statuteSupportedHRHate umbrella
čl. 325. st. 1
Kazneni zakon
Target
Public incitement to violence or hatred directed at a group or a member of a group on listed characteristics
Test
Via print, radio, television, a computer system or network, at a public gathering, or otherwise publicly. Includes making leaflets, images, or other material available. Grounds: race, religion, national or ethnic affiliation, language, origin, colour, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability, or any other characteristics.
Max
Up to 3 years (organising a group of three or more: 6 months to 5 years)
Live statuteSupportedIERacial hatred
s.2
Prohibition of Incitement to Hatred Act 1989
Target
Actions likely to stir up hatred
Test
Publish/distribute, or use words/behaviour/display outside a private residence, that are threatening, abusive or insulting and intended or, having regard to all the circumstances, likely to stir up hatred.
Max
See s.6 of the same Act (not quoted here)
Live statuteSupportedINHate umbrella
s.153A(1)(a)
Indian Penal Code, 1860
Target
Promoting enmity between groups on religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, caste, or community
Test
Words, signs, or visible representations that promote or attempt to promote disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred, or ill-will.
Max
3 years, or fine, or both (5 years if in a place of worship)
Live statuteSupportedISHate umbrella
233. gr. a
Almenn hegningarlög nr. 19/1940
Target
Public mockery, defamation, denigration, or threat of a person or group on listed grounds, or dissemination of such material
Test
Public. Includes pictures or symbols. Grounds (as amended 2022): ethnic or national origin, colour, race, religion, disability, sex characteristics, sexual orientation, or gender identity.
Max
Fine or imprisonment up to 2 years
Live statuteSupportedKGHate umbrella
статья 330
Уголовный кодекс Кыргызской Республики (Кодекс от 28 октября 2021 года № 127)
Target
Public incitement to racial, ethnic, national, religious, or interregional hatred (discord), humiliation of national dignity, or propaganda of exclusivity, superiority, or inferiority on religion, nationality, or race
Test
Committed publicly, or using the mass media, or via the Internet. Violence, official position, and group forms are part 2.
Max
Fine of 1,000 to 2,000 calculation indices, or imprisonment for up to 5 years (part 1)
Live statuteSupportedKZHate umbrella
ст. 174
Уголовный кодекс Республики Казахстан
Target
Incitement of social, national, ethnic, racial, or religious discord
Test
Intentional public acts, including via mass media, telecommunication networks, and online platforms, or by producing or distributing literature promoting such discord; also propaganda of exclusivity, superiority, or inferiority on those grounds.
Max
Fine of 2,000–7,000 MCI, or restriction of liberty or imprisonment for 2 to 7 years (part 1)
Live statuteSupportedLTHate umbrella
170 str. 2 d.
Baudžiamasis kodeksas
Target
Public mockery, denigration, incitement to hatred, or incitement to discriminate against a group or a person in it on listed grounds
Test
Public. Grounds: age, sex, sexual orientation, disability, race, colour, nationality, language, origin, ethnic origin, social status, faith, religion, or convictions or views. Paragraph 3 is public incitement to violence.
Max
Public works, fine, restriction of liberty, arrest, or imprisonment up to 2 years (paragraph 3: up to 3 years)
Live statuteSupportedLUHate umbrella
art. 457-1, 1°
Code pénal
Target
Public incitement to discrimination, hatred, or violence against a person, group, or community on listed grounds
Test
Public speech, writings, images, posters, or any audiovisual means. Grounds are those in art. 454 (origin, colour, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, family situation, age, health, disability, mores, political or philosophical opinions, trade-union activity, actual or supposed ethnicity, nation, race, or religion).
Max
8 days to 2 years and/or a fine of €251 to €25,000
Live statuteSupportedMDHate umbrella
art. 346
Codul penal al Republicii Moldova
Target
Incitement to hatred or violence against a category of persons, committed on bias motives
Test
Public appeals, dissemination of information, or other forms of informing the public, including via mass media, in writing, drawing, or image, or via a computer system. Bias motives are defined in art. 134²¹.
Max
Fine of 500–600 conventional units, or unpaid community work 180–240 hours, or imprisonment 1 to 3 years
Live statuteSupportedMKHate umbrella
член 319 ст. 1
Кривичен законик
Target
Causing or inciting hatred, discord, or intolerance on listed discriminatory grounds
Test
By coercion, maltreatment, endangering security, mocking national, ethnic, religious or other symbols, damaging flags or property, desecrating monuments or graves, or in another discriminatory manner, directly or indirectly.
Max
1 to 5 years
Live statuteSupportedMTHate umbrella
art. 82A(1)
Criminal Code (Cap. 9)
Target
Threatening, abusive, or insulting words, behaviour, or material intended or likely to stir up violence or hatred against a person or group on listed grounds
Test
Intent to stir up, or likely having regard to all the circumstances. Grounds: gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, race, colour, language, ethnic origin, age, disability, religion or belief, or political or other opinion.
Max
6 to 18 months
Live statuteSupportedMXHate umbrella
art. 9, fr. XV y XXVII
Ley Federal para Prevenir y Eliminar la Discriminación
Target
Administrative prohibition of promoting hatred through media messages, and of inciting hatred, violence, rejection, mockery, insult, persecution, or exclusion
Test
Listed as forms of discrimination under art. 1 and the constitutional equality clause. Enforced through CONAPRED, not as a citizen glorification crime.
Max
Administrative / CONAPRED measures — not a criminal sentence on this quote
Live statuteSupportedNLRacial hatred
art. 137d
Wetboek van Strafrecht
Target
Incitement to hatred, discrimination, or violence against a protected group
Test
Public oral, written, or pictorial incitement. Protected grounds include race, religion or belief, sex, hetero- or homosexual orientation, and disability.
Max
1 year (2 if habitual or joint)
Live statuteSupportedNOHate umbrella
§ 185
Straffeloven
Target
Discriminatory or hateful utterances
Test
Intentional or grossly negligent public utterance. Includes symbols. Definition: threaten or insult, or promote hatred, persecution, or contempt on listed grounds.
Max
Fine or 3 years (public); 1 year if not public but in another’s presence
Live statuteSupportedOMHate umbrella
المادة 108
قانون الجزاء الصادر بالمرسوم السلطاني رقم 7 / 2018
Target
Promoting religious or sectarian strife, or stirring hatred, detestation, or division among the population of the State, or inciting the same
Test
The same penalty for holding or knowingly taking part in a meeting, symposium, or conference for those purposes. Aggravator if committed in a place of worship, an official establishment, or a public venue, or by a public official in the course of work, or by a person of religious capacity.
Max
Imprisonment of 3 to 10 years (part 1)
Live statuteSupportedPLHate umbrella
art. 256 §1
Kodeks karny
Target
Public promotion of a totalitarian system or incitement to hatred on listed grounds
Test
Public. Grounds in the March 2025 amendment include nationality, ethnicity, race, religion, lack of religion, disability, age, sex, or sexual orientation.
Max
Deprivation of liberty up to 3 years
Live statuteSupportedROHate umbrella
art. 369
Codul penal (Legea nr. 286/2009)
Target
Public incitement to violence, hatred, or discrimination against a protected category or a person in it
Test
By any means. Grounds: race, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, gender, sexual orientation, opinion or political affiliation, wealth, social origin, age, disability, non-contagious chronic disease, or HIV/AIDS.
Max
6 months to 3 years, or a fine
Live statuteSupportedRSHate umbrella
čl. 387 st. 4
Krivični zakonik
Target
Spreading or otherwise making publicly available texts, images, or other representations of ideas or theories that advocate or incite hatred, discrimination, or violence against a person or group on listed grounds
Test
Public availability. Grounds: race, colour, religion, nationality, ethnic origin, or other personal characteristic. Paragraph 3 is propagating racial superiority or racial hatred.
Max
3 months to 3 years
Live statuteSupportedSEHate umbrella
16 kap. 8 § (SFS 2024:340)
Brottsbalken
Target
Hets mot folkgrupp — agitation against a population group
Test
A statement or other message that is spread, urging violence against, threatening, or expressing contempt for a group (or a person in it) with reference to race, colour, national or ethnic origin, creed, sexual orientation, or transgender identity or expression.
Max
2 years; gross 6 months to 4 years
Live statuteSupportedSIHate umbrella
297. člen (1)
Kazenski zakonik (KZ-1)
Target
Public incitement or stirring up of hatred, violence, or intolerance on listed personal circumstances
Test
Public, and committed in a manner that can jeopardise or disturb public order, or by using threat, insult, or abuse. Grounds include nationality, race, religion, ethnicity, gender, colour, origin, property, education, social position, political or other belief, disability, sexual orientation, or any other personal circumstance.
Max
Up to 2 years (up to 3 with force/desecration; up to 5 if an official abuses office)
Live statuteSupportedUAHate umbrella
ст. 161 ч. 1
Кримінальний кодекс України
Target
Intentional acts aimed at inciting national, regional, racial, or religious enmity and hatred, humiliating national honour and dignity, manifestations of antisemitism, or insulting citizens’ feelings in connection with their religious beliefs, and restriction of rights or establishment of privileges on listed grounds
Test
Intentional. Grounds include race, colour, political, religious and other beliefs, sex, disability, ethnic and social origin, property status, place of residence, language, or other characteristics. Regional belonging is defined in the note.
Max
Fine, or restriction of liberty up to 5 years, or imprisonment up to 3 years, with or without a ban on holding office
Live statuteSupportedUYHate umbrella
art. 149 bis
Código Penal
Target
Public incitement to hatred, contempt, or moral or physical violence against persons on listed grounds
Test
Public, or by any means apt for public dissemination. Grounds: skin colour, race, religion, national or ethnic origin, sexual orientation or sexual identity.
Max
3 to 18 months' prisión
Live statuteSupportedVEHate umbrella
art. 20
Ley Constitucional contra el Odio, por la Convivencia Pacífica y la Tolerancia
Target
Publicly fostering, promoting, or inciting hatred, discrimination, or violence against a person or set of persons on listed grounds
Test
Public, or by any means apt for public dissemination. Grounds include real or presumed membership of a social, ethnic, religious, or political group, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or any other discriminatory motive.
Max
Prison of 10 to 20 years, without prejudice to civil and disciplinary liability
Live statuteSupportedZAHate umbrella
s.10
Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act 4 of 2000
Target
Civil prohibition of hate speech on listed prohibited grounds
Test
Objective: words based on a prohibited ground that could reasonably be construed to demonstrate a clear intention to be harmful or to incite harm and to promote or propagate hatred (conjunctive after Qwelane / the 2023 substitution).
Max
Civil equality-court remedies. The court may refer to the DPP; this section is not itself a crime.