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France

Direct criminal speech offense — apologie

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Independent-praise crime?
Yes — Penal Code 421-2-5 (provocation or public apologie)
Test
Direct provocation of terrorist acts, or public apology (apologie) for those acts. Cour de cassation: inciting others to pass a favourable judgment on the act. Not Brandenburg.
Who decides
Procureur / correctional courts. Conseil constitutionnel 2020-845 QPC: apologie is not receiving stolen goods of apologie.
Cost
5 years and €75,000; 7 years and €100,000 if committed via an online public communication service.
Live statuteSupportedFranceListed-speech offence

Article 421-2-5

Code pénal

Target
Direct provocation of terrorist acts, or public apology (apologie) for those acts
Test
Public apologie: inciting others to pass a favourable judgment on the terrorist acts (Cour de cassation). Direct provocation is a separate limb. Not Brandenburg. Not recel of apologie (Conseil constitutionnel 2020-845 QPC).
Max
5 years and €75,000; 7 years and €100,000 if committed via an online public communication service
Le fait de provoquer directement à des actes de terrorisme ou de faire publiquement l'apologie de ces actes est puni de cinq ans d'emprisonnement et de 75 000 € d'amende. Les peines sont portées à sept ans d'emprisonnement et à 100 000 € d'amende lorsque les faits ont été commis en utilisant un service de communication au public en ligne.

Code pénal, art. 421-2-5, in force (Loi n° 2014-1353 du 13 novembre 2014). Unofficial English: directly provoking terrorist acts or publicly making an apology for those acts. A 19 Nov 2025 ordonnance adds an interlocutory website-blocking sentence from 1 Jan 2029 — not yet in force.

Cite · Code pénal art. 421-2-5 · as of 2026-09-05

Apologie is public praise with a favourable-judgment test. Keep it off the overlay taxonomy.

  • This is a listed-speech offence. Israel and the UK are quoted examples of that form, not the product identity. It is not a US-style overlay.
  • The 2029 blocking sentence is not law yet. Do not speak as if it were live.
Primary source